![]() Although their closest relatives are carnivores, pandas are specialised on a diet of low-quality bamboo. Further, panda fossils indicate they once lived as far south as northern Myanmar and northern Viet Nam and northward nearly to Beijing. They are now are restricted to a highly fragmented geographic range between 2000–3000 meters (6600-9800 feet) in elevation in south-central China, but historically, they occupied a much larger and more continuous range throughout most of southern and eastern China. This year, the zebra research team collaborated with colleagues at the California State University, Long Beach, to investigate the evolutionary reason for giant pandas' unique color pattern.Įcologically speaking, giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca (which translates to "black and white cat-foot"), are a mere shadow of what they once were. Last year, a team of researchers from the University of California, Davis, discovered that zebras stripes' polarize light and thereby reduce biting flies' ability to home in on these animals for a meal ( ref). The rarity and stunning noticeability of such coloration has long fascinated scientists: why did such distinctive color patterns evolve and what is their functional significance? The panda's distinctive facial markings are used to communicate with other pandas.Īs coloration and color pattern goes, most mammals are drab brownish or greyish to match their background, making them really quite boring to look at - with the exception of a few remarkable creatures, such as zebras and giant pandas, which possess sharply contrasting black-and-white color patterns. The panda's white body markings help it hide in snow, whilst its black body markings help it hide in shade. Based upon this analysis, the research team reports that the giant panda's unique black-and-white markings have two functions: camouflage and communication. The phases are compression, decompression, overshoot and oscillation.A new study published by a collaboration between researchers from the University of California, Davis and the California State University, Long Beach, scored and compared fur coloration in thousands of photographs of bears and other terrestrial carnivores. ![]() ![]() Four phases of deformation of globe following ocular trauma by a projectile has been described. ![]() This is due to the fact that bilateral inferotemporal dialysis of young is a known entity which is non-traumatic.Ĭlosed globe injury. After trauma, most commonly the inferotemporal quadrant is involved but superonasal dialysis is pathognomonic of trauma. Retinal attachment at ora serrata - Retinal dialysis is defined by disinsertion of the retina at the ora serrata.Zonules - zonular dialysis resulting in subluxation or dislocation of the crystalline lens.Trabecular meshwork - resulting in a trabecular meshwork tear or flap at the point of rupture.However, ocular hypertension may be a long-term sequelae if the cyclodialysis cleft closes with resistance to aqueous outflow. Hypotony is a common early complication due to the free passage of aqueous from the anterior chamber to the suprachoroidal space. Seperation of ciliary body muscle fiber attachment to the scleral spur - resulting in cyclodialysis cleft, exposing the internal scleral wall.Of note, this is the most common finding after contusion, and can be seen on gonioscopy years after the inciting trauma. Glaucoma is not due to recession per se but due to collateral damage to trabecular meshwork. There is marked posterior displacement of the iris root and widened ciliary body band posterior to the scleral spur on gonioscopy. Anterior ciliary body trauma is characterized by angle recession (longitudinal tear of ciliary body face splitting circular fibers from longitudinal fibers of ciliary body).This is often described as a D shaped pupil. The iris base - causing "iridodialysis," or a separation between the iris root and the ciliary body.Radial sphincter tear at the pupillary margin can be appreciated with slit lamp biomicroscopy and may be associated with distortion of the pupil, diminished response to light, or traumatic mydriasis. This muscle encircles the pupillary margin of the iris and is 0.75mm wide. Sphincter pupillae - The sphincter pupillae is the involuntary muscle responsible for pupillary constriction mediated by parasympathetic nervous system.Seven rings of tissues affected by blunt trauma to the eye are: ![]()
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